Feline Urinary Calculi

Feline urinary calculi

When a cat exhibits symptoms such as dripping urine, decreased urine output, or bloody urine, it is important to consider the possibility of urinary tract diseases. Common urinary tract disorders include stones, crystals, cystitis, and urinary tract infections. These commonly encountered diseases in the urinary tract require imaging examinations for diagnosis. If a stone is confirmed after an ultrasound examination, it is recommended to remove it promptly through surgery. After the stone is removed, it is advised to send the specimen for testing to confirm the composition of the stone, which will guide subsequent treatment.

Causes of feline urinary calculi

Urological lesions are a crucial factor in the formation of urinary calculi. Inflammation of the urinary tract can cause tissue necrosis, and the accumulation of inflammatory exudates and bacteria forms the core of the calculus, which is surrounded by mineral salts and colloid substances to form the calculus. Many bacteria can also cause precipitation of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate, promoting the formation of urinary calculi. The treatment principle is to remove the stones and treat symptoms accordingly. If the urethra is blocked, surgical removal is recommended.

Symptoms of feline urinary calculi

Cats with urinary calculi show two main types of symptoms. The first is the most common cystitis, which occurs when the calculus rubs against the bladder mucosa, causing inflammation. This results in symptoms such as frequent urination, scant urine output, blood in the urine, constant squatting in the litter box, frequent licking of the urethra, and even crying during urination. These symptoms are caused by the pain of inflammation in the bladder and urethra. The second type is when small stones or calculus formations block the urethra, causing cats to exhibit poor mental status, constant lying in one place, reluctance to move, loss of appetite, and even vomiting. If these symptoms occur, it is necessary to consult a veterinarian promptly for diagnosis. If a urinary tract obstruction is confirmed, immediate urinary catheterization and renal function testing are required.

What to do about feline urinary calculi

The treatment depends on the type of calculus, and medication will vary according to the calculus type. The cause of calculus formation is unknown and may be related to physical fitness. It is recommended to switch to prescription diets for the urinary tract or kidney. Most importantly, if urinary retention occurs, seeking medical attention promptly is crucial. Therefore, if you have a male cat, it is necessary to learn how to palpate the bladder.