What causes swollen and protruding eyes in dogs?

Protruding and swollen eyes in dogs may be caused by various factors. Here are some possible causes and their respective treatments:

Third eyelid protrusion: If the third eyelid protrudes, it may appear as a pinkish object the size of a green bean or a soybean at the inner corner of the eye. As the condition progresses, it may become as large as a peanut. The surface is smooth, moist, and tough. If you suspect this condition, it is recommended to consult a veterinarian and consider surgical removal.
Trauma: If a dog accidentally hits its eye during physical activity or gets bit by another animal, it can cause local tissue swelling and make the eye appear protruded. In this case, owners can administer anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, as well as antibacterial treatment. It's also a good idea to have the dog wear an Elizabethan collar to prevent it from scratching its eyes, which could exacerbate the situation. If there is necrosis of the eye, surgery may be necessary.
Eye diseases: Dogs with conjunctivitis, keratitis, or glaucoma may experience swollen and protruding eyes. Symptoms may also include difficulty opening the eyes and excessive tear production. If you notice these signs, take your dog to a veterinarian immediately, as these conditions can lead to blindness if left untreated.

It's essential to consult a veterinarian to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment. Proper care and prompt attention can help improve your dog's quality of life and prevent further complications.